Through strength training, coordination, and protective movement education, physiotherapy helps prevent bleeding episodes.
Maintain or regain joint range of motion, prevent deformities, and manage chronic arthropathy.
Correct muscular imbalances, improve postural stability, and reduce fall risk, especially in children and older adults.
Promote active lifestyles with adapted exercise programs and safe physical activity.
During an acute joint or muscle bleed, avoid movement of the affected area. Use splints or assistive devices if needed.
Rest, Ice (15–20 mins every 2–3 hours), Compression, Elevation — especially within the first 48 hours of a bleed.
After the acute phase (usually 48–72 hours), and with factor replacement, begin passive and then active-assisted movement to restore range.
Use gentle manual therapy, stretching, and positioning to reduce stiffness and improve joint movement.
Focus on surrounding musculature — especially quadriceps, hamstrings, and calves — to support unstable joints.
Pool-based therapy reduces joint loading while allowing full movement and strengthening in a safe environment.
Use braces, insoles, or splints to support deformed or unstable joints and reduce stress on damaged structures.
Swimming, cycling, walking, and yoga are generally safe and encouraged. Always pre-medicate with factor therapy if needed.
Contact sports (e.g., football, rugby) and high-impact activities (e.g., gymnastics, martial arts) carry high risk for bleeding and injury.
Exercise programs should be personalized and supervised by a physiotherapist familiar with hemophilia management.
Early education on safe movement, joint protection, and regular physiotherapy assessments are essential for developmental milestones and social participation.
Monitor for early signs of degeneration and adapt mobility aids or exercise plans accordingly.
Physiotherapy is crucial post-surgery (e.g., synovectomy, joint replacement) to regain strength and range while minimizing bleed risk.
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